第408章唉唉唉
复合谓语的几种常见表示法
i.情态动词+动词原形
1.情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should都可与动词原形连用,如果要表示对现在或将来的推测时,情态动词的过去式与一般式在含义上并无多大区别,只是语气更为婉转。例如:
—shalligiveyouarideasyoulivesofaraway?
—thankyou.itcouldn’tbebetter.(2005江西)
2.can,may,must和动词的完成时连用,表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测,含义是“可能已经”,“或许已经”,“一定”等。例如:
—tomisneverlateforwork.whyisheabsenttoday?
—somethingmusthavehappened.(2005江西)
3.could,might,would,should,oughtto,needn’t和动词的完成时连用,不仅可以表示对过去发生的行为或存在的状态进行想象和推测,而且还可以表示“本来可能”,“本来应该”完成而实际上并未完成的动作或状态,而needn’t则表示本来不必实现而又完成了这样一种情况。例如:
—catherine,ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.
—thanks.youneedn’thavedoneit.icouldmanageitmyself.(2005福建)
ii.hadbetter,wouldrather和动词原形连用,表示劝告或主观上做出选择。例如:
—mum,ithinki’mwellenoughtogetbacktoschool.
—notreally,mydear.you’dbetterstayhomeforanotherdayortwo.
iii.begoingto,beto,beaboutto,beableto,belikelyto,haveto,happento,seemto,appearto,usedto,getto等结构的情况极为普遍。例如:
—i’mgoingtoleaveattheendofthismonth.
—idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntilyou’vefoundanotherjob.(2006北京)
iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.
iv.表示说话及心理状态的动词如say,report,believe,suppose,think,know,consider等的被动结构后面常接不定式。例如:
idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit’ssaidtobequiteagoodone.
thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshearrives.
v.许多主动语态带复合宾语的动词构成被动语态后,补足语为带to的不定式、分词或形容词等,这也是一种复合谓语形式。例如:
johnwasmadetowashthetruckforaweekasapunishment.themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.
vii.“连系动词+表语”结构其中主语常是事物名词,谓语用主动形式表示被动意义。表语用形容词,常见错误是用成副词。例如:
1.谓语是某些表示知觉或感觉的动词,如feel,sound,taste,smell,look,seem,appear等。例如:
—doyoulikethematerial?—yes.itfeelsverysoft.
theseorangestastegood.
2.表示从一种状态变为另一种状态的动词如become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come,run等。例如:
—canijoinyourclub,dad?—youcanwhengetabitolder.
itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.
3.表示保持某种状态的动词,如continue,remain,keep,stand,sit,lie,stay等。例如:
tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.
thetemperaturestayedhighthisweek.br