第七十二章《辜鸿铭讲论语》(11)
乡党第十
(一)孔子于乡党,恂恂如也,似不能言者。其在宗庙朝廷,便便言,惟谨尔。
辜译
confuciusinhislifeathomewasshyanddiffident,asifhewerenotagoodspeaker.inpubliclife,however,incourtsandcouncils,hespokereadily,butwithdeliberation.
孔子在家乡时显得谦恭而温和,似乎不太像能言善辩之人。然而在社会、在官场和朝堂上,孔子说话总是从容不迫,明白流畅,只是因深思熟虑而说得很少。
(二)
朝,与下大夫言,侃侃如也;与上大夫言,訚訚如也。君在,踧踖如也,与与如也。
辜译
atcourt,inconversationwiththejuniorofficers,hespokewithfrankness;withtheseniorofficers,hespokewithself-possession.
inthepresenceofhisprince,helookeddiffident,awe-inspired,butcomposed.
在官场上,孔子同低级官员聊天时,显得温和而快乐;同高级官员谈话的时候,显得正直而恭敬;同君主在一起的时候,又显得恭敬而不安,但又仪态适中。
(三)
君召使摈,色勃如也;足矍如也。揖所与立,左右手,衣前后,襜如也。趋进,翼如也。宾退,必复命曰:“宾不顾矣。”
辜译
whenhisprincecalledtohimtoseeavisitorout,hewouldstartupwithattention,makeobeisancetoreceivethecommand;then,bowingrightandlefttoofficersinattendanceandadjustingthefoldsofhisrobes,hewouldquickenhisstep,andwalkout,notstiffly,butwithdignityandease.whenthevisitorhadleft,hewouldreturntohisplace,announcingsimply,“theguesthasretired.”
当国君派孔子接待其他国家来的宾客时,孔子会庄重地站起,恭敬地接受命令。向站在他左右两边的官员躬身行礼时,衣裳会前后摆动,却整齐不乱。他快步向前的时候,不会显得匆忙,而是从容大方。当客人走后,孔子会回到自己的位置宣布说:“客人已经离开了。”
(四)
入公门,鞠躬如也,如不容。立不中门,行不履阈。过位,色勃如也,足躩如也,其言似不足者。摄齐升堂,鞠躬如也,屏气似不息者。出,降一等,逞颜色,怡怡如也。没阶,趋进,翼如也。复其位,踧踖如也。
辜译
inenteringtheroomsofthepalace,hewouldbendlowhisbodyatthedoorasifitwerenothighenoughtoadmithim.intheroomhewouldneverstandrightbeforethedoor,nor,inenteringit,steponthedoorsill.
inpassingintothepresencechamber;hewouldstartupwithattentionandspeakonlyinwhispers.then,holdingupthefoldsofhisrobes,hewouldascendthestepsleadingtothethrone,bendinglowhisbodyandholdinginhisbreathasifhewereafraidtobreathe.
aftertheaudience,whenhehaddescendedonestepawayfromthethrone,hewouldrelaxhiscountenanceandassumehisordinarylook.afterclearingthelaststeps,hewouldquickenhispaceandwallswitheaseanddignitytoresumehisplaceamongthecourtiers,lookingdiffident,withaweandattention.
走进宫殿时,孔子会在大门口弯下腰,谨慎的模样仿佛没有容身之地。进入宫殿后,孔子绝不会站在门的中间,也不会在进门的时候踩踏门坎。在经过接见厅的时候,他会面色庄重地站起,脚步加快,并且言语也仿佛中气不足。然后他拉起袍边,弯下身子,向国君的座位走去,同时屏住呼吸,好像害怕呼吸的声音过大。讲完话以后,孔子走下台阶,脸色才舒展开来,怡然自得。走完了台阶,他会加快脚步,姿态像鸟儿舒展翅膀。回到自己的位置,又显出谨慎恭敬而惶恐不安的样子。
(五)
执圭,鞠躬如也,如不胜。上如揖,下如授。勃如战色,足蹜蹜,如有循。享礼,有容色。私觌,愉愉如也。
辜译
whenhehadtocarrythesceptreoftheprince,hewouldbendlowhisbodyasiftheweightweretooheavyforhim;holdingitnothigherthanhisforeheadnorlowerthanhischest,and,withhislookallaweandattention,walkwithslow,measuredsteps.
atapublicreceptionintheforeigncourtstowhichhewassent,hebehavedwithgreatdignity.ataprivateaudienceinsuchcourts,hewasgenialandengaginginhismanners.
当孔子迫不得已拿着国君的权杖时,他会弯下腰,好像权杖对于他来说太过沉重。权杖的位置不会高过额头,像在作揖,也不会低于胸部,满脸敬畏和谨慎,脚步缓慢而整齐。当接受派遣出使其他国家时,在公开场合(比如问礼时),他会表现得很庄重。而在私下会见时,他又显得和蔼可亲,轻松而愉快。
(六)
君子不以绀緅饰,红紫不以为亵服。当暑,袗絺绤,必表而出之。缁衣,羔裘;素衣,麑裘;黄衣,狐裘。亵裘长,短右袂。必有寝衣,长一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去丧,无所不佩。非帷裳,必杀之。羔裘玄冠不以吊。吉月,必朝服而朝。
辜译
confuciusconsideredthefollowingdetailsnecessaryforagentlemantoobserveinmattersofdress:
agentlemanshouldneverpermitanythingcrimsonorscarletincolourtoheseeninanypartofhisdress;eveninhisunderclothingheshouldavoidanythingredorofareddishcolour.
insummer,whendressedinasinglesuitofgauzeorgrasscloth,heshouldalwayswearsomethingunderneath,wornnexttotheskin.inwinterheshouldlineablacksuitwithlambskin;alightsuitwithfawnskin;ayellowsuitwithfoxskin.hisfurunderclothingshouldbemadelong,withtherightsleevealittleshort.heshouldalwayshaveachangeofnight-dress,whichshouldbeaslongagainasthetrunkofhisbody.
whenathomeinwinter,heshouldbedressedinasuitoffoxorbadgerskin.whennotinmourning,hemayhaveanyornamentsorappendagesonthegirdleofhisdress.hisunder-garment,exceptwhenitiswornasanapron(likethefreemasonsnow)onstateoccasions,heshouldalwayshavecutpointedontheupperpart.
onavisitofcondolenceheshouldneverwearasuitoflamb'sfuroradarkbluehat.onthefirstdayofthemonthheshouldalwaysputonhisfulluniformwhenhegoestocourt.
孔子认为以下细节是作为君子在穿着上必须注意的地方:
君子不用天青色和铁灰色镶边的衣服(辜译在此有误)。平常居家的衣服不会用红色(或近乎红色)和紫色。夏天会穿着细纱衣或者粗布衣服,但一定会裹着衬衫,使它套在内衣的外面。冬天穿黑色的罩衣,配黑色的羊羔皮衣;白色的罩衣配白色的鹿皮衣;黄色的罩衣配黄色的狐皮衣。平时在家穿的毛皮内衣一般要做得长一些,右边袖子稍稍短一些。睡觉的时候一定要有睡衣,并且可以遮盖全身。冬天在家的时候,用狐貉的厚毛皮做坐垫。服丧期过后,脱下丧服,佩戴一些饰物。下衫除了有时作为围裙(就像现在的石匠),在正式的场合,应该对多余的部分加以剪裁。在哀悼的场合,不应穿羊皮衣服或是戴深蓝色的帽子。在每月的第一天,一定要穿礼服去朝拜君主。
(七)
齐,必有明衣,布。齐必变食,居必迁坐。
辜译
ondayswhenhefastsandgiveshimselfuptoprayer,heshouldalwaysputonabrightcleansuitofplaincloth.onsuchdaysheshouldalwayschangetheordinaryarticlesofhisfood,andmoveoutofhisusualsitting-room.
在斋戒的日子里,孔子会虔诚地祈祷,穿干净整洁的素色衣服。在此期间,会改变日常的饮食习惯,并搬出平日居住的寝室(不与妻妾同房)。
(八)
食不厌精,脍不厌细。食饐而餲,鱼馁而肉败,不食。色恶,不食。臭恶,不食。失饪,不食。不时,不食。割不正,不食。不得其酱,不食。肉虽多,不使胜食气。惟酒无量,不及乱。沽酒市脯,不食。不撤姜食,不多食。祭于公,不宿肉,祭肉不出三日。出三日,不食之矣。食不语,寝不言。虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭,必齐如也。
辜译
thefollowingarethedetailswhichconfuciusobservedinmattersoffoodandeating:
inhisfood,helikedtohavethericefinelycleanedandthemeat,whenstewed,cutinsmallpieces.riceinjuredbydampandheat,orturnedsour,hewouldnottake;norfishorfleshwhichwasgene.hewouldnottakeanythingthathadanunwholesomecolourorunwholesomeflavour;noranyarticlesoffoodwhichhadbeenspoiltincooking;noranythingoutofitsseason.meatnotproperlycuthewouldnottake;noranydishservedwithoutitspropersauce.
althoughtheremightbeplentyofmeatonthetable,wouldneverallowthequantityofmeathetooktoexceedadueproportiontothericehetook.itwasonlyinwinethathedidnotsethimselfalimit;buthenevertookittoexcess.