第七十九章《辜鸿铭讲论语》(18) - 经典永流传:时光中闪耀的文字 - 亨德里克·威廉·房龙 - 其他小说 - 30读书

第七十九章《辜鸿铭讲论语》(18)

阳货第十七(一)

阳货145欲见孔子,孔子不见,归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也,而往拜之,遇诸涂。谓孔子曰:“来!予与尔言。”曰:“怀其宝而迷其邦,可谓仁乎?”曰:“不可。”“好从事而亟失时,可谓知乎?”曰:“不可。”“日月逝矣,岁不我与。”孔子曰:“诺,吾将仕矣。”

辜译

aninfluentialofficer,whowasintheserviceofapowerfulfamilyofnoblesinconfucius'nativestate,ononeoccasionexpressedawishtoseeconfucius,butconfuciuswouldnotgotoseehim.theofficerthensentconfuciusapresentofapig.confuciusthereupontiminghisvisitwhentheofficerwasnot.athome,calledonhimtotenderhisthanks.onreturning,however,hemettheofficerontheway.

“comenow,”saidtheofficertoconfucius,“iwanttospeaktoyou.nowiwouldaskyouwhetherheisagoodmanwhohidesthetreasuresofhisknowledgeandleaveshiscountrytogoastray?”“no,”repliedconfucius,“heisnot.”“isheamanofunderstanding,”askedtheofficeragain,“whoisanxioustobeemployedandyetmisseseverychancethatcomestohimofbeingemployed?”“no,”repliedconfucius,“heisnot.”

“then,”saidtheofficer,“yououghttoknowthatdaysandmonthsatepassingawayandtimewaitsnotforus.”“yes,”repliedconfucius,“iwillenterthepublicservice.”

一位有影响力的官员阳货在鲁国权贵季氏那里当差。有一次阳货想见孔子,但是孔子不想见他。阳货随后送给孔子一头猪作为礼物,于是孔子趁阳货不在家的时候登门拜访,以表谢意。但是在回家的路上,孔子碰到了阳货。

“请过来,我想和您说说话。”阳货对孔子说,“我想问您,如果有人把自己的学识藏起来,任由国家陷入迷乱,这样的人可以称为仁吗?”孔子回答:“不能。”阳货又问:“如果有人想要参与政事,却多次错过唾手可得的机会,这样的人可以称为智吗?”孔子回答:“不能。”

然后阳货说:“岁月流逝,日复一日,月复一月,时间不等人啊!”孔子回答:“好吧,那我去做官吧。”

(二)

子曰:“性相近也,习相远也。”

辜译

confuciusremarked,“men,intheirnature,arealike;butbypracticetheybecomewidelydifferent.”

孔子说:“人的本性是相近的,只是因为后天习染不同,彼此间才有了差异。”

(三)

子曰:“唯上知与下愚不移。”

辜译

confuciusthenwentontosay,“itisonlymenofthehighestunderstandingandmenofthegrossestdullness,whodonotchange.”

孔子说:“只有最聪慧的人和最愚笨的人是无法改变的。”

(四)

子之武城,闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑,曰:“割鸡焉用牛刀?”子游对曰:“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰:‘君子学道则爱人,小人学道则易使也。’”子曰:“二三子!偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。”

辜译

whenconfuciusononeoccasioncametoasmalltownwhereoneofhisdiscipleswaschiefmagistrate,heheardthesoundsofmusicandsingingamongthepeople.hethen,withamischievoussmileinhislook,remarked,“tokillachickenwhyuseaknifeusedforslaughteringanox?”

“sir,”repliedthedisciplewhowaschiefmagistrateofthetown,“ihaveheardyousayatonetimethatwhenthegentlemenofacountryatehighlyeducated,itmakesthemsympathizewiththepeople;andwhenthepeopleareeducated,itmakesthemeasilyamenabletogovernment.”

“yes,”answeredconfucius,turningtohisotherdiscipleswhowerepresent,“heisright:whatisaidjustnowwasonlyspokeninjest.”

有一次,孔子来到鲁国的一个小镇武城,听到人群中传来音乐和歌声。孔子笑着说道:“杀鸡为何要用杀牛刀?”

他的学生子游是这个镇的行政长官,回答说:“以前我听您说过,一个国家的君子学习了礼乐就能爱人,百姓学习了礼乐就容易服从政府统治。”

“是的,”孔子回答,然后扭头看向其他在场的学生。“他说得对,我刚才说的只是一句玩笑话。”

(五)

公山弗扰146以费畔,召,子欲往。子路不说,曰:“末之也已,何必公山氏之之也。”子曰:“夫召我者,而岂徒哉?如有用我者,吾其为东周乎?”

辜译

ononeoccasionanobleinconfucius'nativestatewhoheldpossessionofanimportanttownandwasinanaltitudeofrebellion,invitedconfuciustoseehim.confuciuswasinclinedtogo.atthis,confucius'disciple,theintrepidchungyu,wasvexed.hesaid,“indeedyoucannotgo!whyshouldyouthinkofgoingtoseesuchaman?”

“itcannotbefornothing,”repliedconfucius,“thathehasinvitedmetoseehim.ifanyonewouldemployme,iwouldestablishanewempirehereintheeast.”

有一次,鲁国的公山弗扰占据重镇费邑,企图叛乱,派人前来邀请孔子,孔子打算前去。孔子的学生子路不高兴地说:“无处可去就算了!您为什么想去公山弗扰那里呢?”

孔子回答:“他邀请我去,难道只是说说而已?如果有人想用我,我就要在东方建立起一个周王朝。”

(六)

子张问仁于孔子。孔子曰:“能行五者于天下为仁矣。”“请问之。”曰:“恭,宽,信,敏,惠。恭则不侮,宽则得众,信则人任焉,敏则有功,惠则足以使人。”

辜译

adiscipleofconfuciusenquiredwhatconstitutedamorallife.confuciusanswered,“amanwhocancarryoutfivethingswhereverhemaybeisamoralman.”“whatfivethings?”askedthedisciple.

“theyare,”repliedconfucius,“earnestness,considerationforothers,trustworthiness,diligence.andgenerosity.ifyouareearnest,youwillnevermeetwithwantofrespect.ifyouareconsideratetoothers,youwillwintheheartsofthepeople.ifyouaretrustworthy,menwilltrustyou.ifyouarediligent,youwillheessfulinyourundertakings.ifyouaregenerous,youwillfindplentyofmenwhoarewillingtoserveyou.”

孔子的学生子张问,什么样可以称为仁?孔子回答:“如果处处实行五种品德,就可以称为仁。”子张问:“请问是哪五种?”

孔子回答:“庄重、宽厚、诚实、勤敏、慈惠。庄重就不会招致侮辱;宽厚就会赢得人心;诚实就能赢得信赖;勤敏就能提高办事效率;慈惠就能使唤别人。”

(七)

佛肸147召,子欲往。子路曰:“昔者由也闻诸夫子曰:‘亲于其身为不善者,君子不入也。’佛肸以中牟畔,子之往也,如之何?”子曰:“然,有是言也。不曰坚乎,磨而不磷;不曰白乎,涅而不缁。吾岂匏瓜也哉?焉能系而不食?”

辜译

ononeoccasionanobleofacertainstatehavingrebelledagainstthelegitimateauthority,invitedconfuciustoseehim.

confuciuswasinclinedtogo,butconfucius'disciple,theintrepidchungyu,saidtoconfucius:“sir,ihaveheardyousayatonetimethatawiseandgoodmanwillnotassociateevenwiththosepersonswhoarenearlyrelatedtohim,whensuchpersonshavebeenfoundguiltyofevil-doing.nowthismanisholdingatowninactualrebellionagainstauthority?howisitthatyoucanthinkofgoingtoseehim?”

“yes,”repliedconfucius,“ihavesaidthat.butisitnotalsosaidthatifathingisreallyhardyoumaypounditandyetitwillnotcrack;ifathingareallywhite,youmaysmirchit,andyetitwillnotbecomeblack.andami,afterall,onlyabittergourdtobehungupandnoteatenatall?”

有一次,有个诸侯国的贵族佛肸背叛合法权威,请孔子去见他。孔子有意前往。但是孔子的学生子路说:“先生,我以前听您说过,做坏事的人那里,君子是不会去的。现在佛肸占据中牟叛乱,您却要去,这该作何解释?”

孔子回答:“是的,我说过这样的话。但是,不是说最坚硬的东西,无论怎么磨也不会磨坏吗?不是说最白的东西,无论怎么弄脏也不会变黑吗?难道我只是个苦涩的葫芦,只能挂起来供人观赏,而无法让人品尝吗?”

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